Ellis L. Reinherz, MD

Ellis L. Reinherz, MD

Researcher

Contact Information

Office Phone Number

617-632-3412

Fax

617-632-3351

Biography

Ellis L. Reinherz, MD

Dr. Ellis Reinherz received his MD from Harvard Medical School in 1975. After an internship and residency at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1975-1977 and a period as a hematology fellow at Brigham and Women's Hospital from 1977-1978, he joined DFCI. His work has revealed key functional and structural information about T cell receptors (TCRs), the CD3 signaling subunits, and how, with other molecules, TCRs bind to peptide-loaded MHC (pMHC). His findings have implications for rational vaccine design.

Researcher

Physician

Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

Research

    Molecular Mechanisms of T Cell Recognition
    The Ellis laboratory's focus is on the adaptive immune response with respect to those multiple subunit plasma membrane receptors, namely TCRs and preTCRs, that recognize peptides bound to pMHC. abTCRs specifically bind to "foreign" peptides, cradled in the groove of MHC molecules and displayed on infected or otherwise perturbed cells including tumor cells through a process that discriminates among potential ligands with exquisite specificity. The paradox that a mere handful of foreign peptides among 100,000 self-peptides is sufficient for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to accurately mount a deadly response or helper T cell to become activated despite apparent weak TCR-pMHC binding at thermal equilibrium was unexplained. Recently, however, it has become clear that TCRs and preTCRs, unlike antibodies, work far from thermal equilibrium, harnessing energy both externally from cell motion during migration and internally from underlying cytoskeletal elements and associated motor proteins. Force-dependent structural transitions and allostery regulate peptide discrimination and pMHC-receptor bond lifetime, allowing for essentially digital mechanosensing to initiate downstream signaling events and immunological synapse formation. Optical tweezers or related technologies to mimic in vivo bioforces can discriminate between T cells whose TCRs manifest outstanding recognition with those which are of poor acuity (several vs. hundreds of pMHC ligands per cell surface, respectively). By developing mechanobiology-dependent T cell readouts in conjunction with ultrasensitive physical detection (i.e. mass spectrometry) rivaling that of high avidity T cells, rational CTL-based vaccine design can follow. The implications for immunotherapeutic vaccines targeting neoantigens, as one example, are significant. Bioforce-dependent measurements can eliminate the micromolar peptide concentrations used to assess T cell recognition via current functional reverse immunology (RI). The latter encourages TCR crossreactivities at high antigen dose and zero force, resulting in false positive detections. In addition, RI is unable to detect stealth epitopes that fail to naturally stimulate T cells due to issues of immunodominance or crosspresentation failure. Notwithstanding, such epitopes may be ideal as targets for CTL vaccine programming.

    Publications

      • Asymmetric framework motion of TCR aß controls load-dependent peptide discrimination. bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 13. View in: Pubmed

      • ALK peptide vaccination restores the immunogenicity of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Cancer. 2023 07; 4(7):1016-1035. View in: Pubmed

      • Inadequate structural constraint on Fab approach rather than paratope elicitation limits HIV-1 MPER vaccine utility. bioRxiv. 2023 Jun 29. View in: Pubmed

      • Harnessing aß T cell receptor mechanobiology to achieve the promise of immuno-oncology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 07 04; 120(27):e2215694120. View in: Pubmed

      • Characterizing Biophysical Parameters of Single TCR-pMHC Interactions Using Optical Tweezers. Methods Mol Biol. 2023; 2654:375-392. View in: Pubmed

      • Pre-T cell receptor self-MHC sampling restricts thymocyte dedifferentiation. Nature. 2023 01; 613(7944):565-574. View in: Pubmed

      • Dynamic HIV-1 spike motion creates vulnerability for its membrane-bound tripod to antibody attack. Nat Commun. 2022 Oct 27; 13(1):6393. View in: Pubmed

      • TCR-mimic bispecific antibodies to target the HIV-1 reservoir. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 04 12; 119(15):e2123406119. View in: Pubmed

      • Measuring aß T-Cell Receptor-Mediated Mechanosensing Using Optical Tweezers Combined with Fluorescence Imaging. Methods Mol Biol. 2022; 2478:727-753. View in: Pubmed

      • Characterization of Conserved and Promiscuous Human Rhinovirus CD4 T Cell Epitopes. Cells. 2021 09 02; 10(9). View in: Pubmed

      • Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy Reveals Distinctions in Key Biophysical Parameters of aß T-Cell Receptors Compared with Chimeric Antigen Receptors Directed at the Same Ligand. J Phys Chem Lett. 2021 Aug 12; 12(31):7566-7573. View in: Pubmed

      • Molecular design of the ?dT cell receptor ectodomain encodes biologically fit ligand recognition in the absence of mechanosensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 06 29; 118(26). View in: Pubmed

      • Intrinsic Immunogenicity of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Revealed by Its Cellular Plasticity. Cancer Discov. 2021 08; 11(8):1952-1969. View in: Pubmed

      • A general chemical crosslinking strategy for structural analyses of weakly interacting proteins applied to preTCR-pMHC complexes. J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan-Jun; 296:100255. View in: Pubmed

      • A general chemical crosslinking strategy for structural analyses of weakly interacting proteins applied to preTCR-pMHC complexes. J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan 04. View in: Pubmed

      • Pre-T cell receptors topologically sample self-ligands during thymocyte ß-selection. Science. 2021 01 08; 371(6525):181-185. View in: Pubmed

      • The aßTCR mechanosensor exploits dynamic ectodomain allostery to optimize its ligand recognition site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 09 01; 117(35):21336-21345. View in: Pubmed

      • Cancer Neoepitopes for Immunotherapy: Discordance Between Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Reactivity and Tumor MHC Peptidome Display. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:2766. View in: Pubmed

      • Topological analysis of the gp41 MPER on lipid bilayers relevant to the metastable HIV-1 envelope prefusion state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 11 05; 116(45):22556-22566. View in: Pubmed

      • The structure of a T-cell mechanosensor. Nature. 2019 09; 573(7775):502-504. View in: Pubmed

      • Pillars Article: Restoration of T Cell Development in RAG-2-Deficient Mice by Functional TCR Transgenes. Science. 1993. 259: 822-825. J Immunol. 2019 03 01; 202(5):1317-1320. View in: Pubmed

      • NMR: an essential structural tool for integrative studies of T cell development, pMHC ligand recognition and TCR mechanobiology. J Biomol NMR. 2019 Jul; 73(6-7):319-332. View in: Pubmed

      • The T Cell Antigen Receptor a Transmembrane Domain Coordinates Triggering through Regulation of Bilayer Immersion and CD3 Subunit Associations. Immunity. 2018 11 20; 49(5):829-841.e6. View in: Pubmed

      • Co-delivery of a CD4 T cell helper epitope via covalent liposome attachment with a surface-arrayed B cell target antigen fosters higher affinity antibody responses. Vaccine. 2018 10 01; 36(41):6191-6201. View in: Pubmed

      • aß T Cell Receptor Mechanosensing Forces out Serial Engagement. Trends Immunol. 2018 08; 39(8):596-609. View in: Pubmed

      • Regulation of thymocyte trafficking by Tagap, a GAP domain protein linked to human autoimmunity. Sci Signal. 2018 06 12; 11(534). View in: Pubmed

      • Surface-Matrix Screening Identifies Semi-specific Interactions that Improve Potency of a Near Pan-reactive HIV-1-Neutralizing Antibody. Cell Rep. 2018 02 13; 22(7):1798-1809. View in: Pubmed

      • NMR-directed design of pre-TCRß and pMHC molecules implies a distinct geometry for pre-TCR relative to aßTCR recognition of pMHC. J Biol Chem. 2018 01 19; 293(3):754-766. View in: Pubmed

      • TCR-pMHC encounter differentially regulates transcriptomes of tissue-resident CD8 T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2018 01; 48(1):128-150. View in: Pubmed

      • Mechanosensing drives acuity of aß T-cell recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 09 26; 114(39):E8204-E8213. View in: Pubmed

      • TANTIGEN: a comprehensive database of tumor T cell antigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2017 Jun; 66(6):731-735. View in: Pubmed

      • Germinal Center Hypoxia Potentiates Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination. J Immunol. 2016 11 15; 197(10):4014-4020. View in: Pubmed

      • Pre-T Cell Receptors (Pre-TCRs) Leverage Vß Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) and Hydrophobic Patch in Mechanosensing Thymic Self-ligands. J Biol Chem. 2016 Dec 02; 291(49):25292-25305. View in: Pubmed

      • Generation of Long-Lived Bone Marrow Plasma Cells Secreting Antibodies Specific for the HIV-1 gp41 Membrane-Proximal External Region in the Absence of Polyreactivity. J Virol. 2016 10 01; 90(19):8875-90. View in: Pubmed

      • A computational method for identification of vaccine targets from protein regions of conserved human leukocyte antigen binding. BMC Med Genomics. 2015; 8 Suppl 4:S1. View in: Pubmed

      • FluKB: A Knowledge-Based System for Influenza Vaccine Target Discovery and Analysis of the Immunological Properties of Influenza Viruses. J Immunol Res. 2015; 2015:380975. View in: Pubmed

      • Structural Features of the aßTCR Mechanotransduction Apparatus That Promote pMHC Discrimination. Front Immunol. 2015; 6:441. View in: Pubmed

      • Backbone resonance assignment of N15, N30 and D10 T cell receptor ß subunits. Biomol NMR Assign. 2016 Apr; 10(1):35-9. View in: Pubmed

      • Pre-TCR ligand binding impacts thymocyte development before aßTCR expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jul 07; 112(27):8373-8. View in: Pubmed

      • Reply to van de Sandt and Rimmelzwaan: Matching epitope display with functional avidity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 May 12; 112(19):E2418. View in: Pubmed

      • aß TCR-mediated recognition: relevance to tumor-antigen discovery and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2015 Apr; 3(4):305-12. View in: Pubmed

      • Codification of bidentate pMHC interaction with TCR and its co-receptor. Trends Immunol. 2015 May; 36(5):300-6. View in: Pubmed

      • Physical detection of influenza A epitopes identifies a stealth subset on human lung epithelium evading natural CD8 immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 17; 112(7):2151-6. View in: Pubmed

      • Force-dependent transition in the T-cell receptor ß-subunit allosterically regulates peptide discrimination and pMHC bond lifetime. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 03; 112(5):1517-22. View in: Pubmed

      • Liposomal vaccines incorporating molecular adjuvants and intrastructural T-cell help promote the immunogenicity of HIV membrane-proximal external region peptides. Vaccine. 2015 Feb 11; 33(7):861-8. View in: Pubmed

      • Constitutively oxidized CXXC motifs within the CD3 heterodimeric ectodomains of the T cell receptor complex enforce the conformation of juxtaposed segments. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 2; 290(1):239. View in: Pubmed

      • Human leukocyte antigen typing using a knowledge base coupled with a high-throughput oligonucleotide probe array analysis. Front Immunol. 2014; 5:597. View in: Pubmed

      • Revisiting the Discovery of the aß TCR Complex and Its Co-Receptors. Front Immunol. 2014; 5:583. View in: Pubmed

      • Forward Vaccinology: CTL Targeting Based upon Physical Detection of HLA-Bound Peptides. Front Immunol. 2014; 5:418. View in: Pubmed

      • Constitutively oxidized CXXC motifs within the CD3 heterodimeric ectodomains of the T cell receptor complex enforce the conformation of juxtaposed segments. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 04; 289(27):18880-92. View in: Pubmed

      • Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals system-wide signaling pathways downstream of SDF-1/CXCR4 in breast cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 27; 111(21):E2182-90. View in: Pubmed

      • HPVdb: a data mining system for knowledge discovery in human papillomavirus with applications in T cell immunology and vaccinology. Database (Oxford). 2014; 2014:bau031. View in: Pubmed

      • Large-scale analysis of B-cell epitopes on influenza virus hemagglutinin - implications for cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies. Front Immunol. 2014; 5:38. View in: Pubmed

      • Dynamic control of ß1 integrin adhesion by the plexinD1-sema3E axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 07; 111(1):379-84. View in: Pubmed

      • Strict Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule Class-Specific Binding by Co-Receptors Enforces MHC-Restricted aß?TCR Recognition during T Lineage Subset Commitment. Front Immunol. 2013 Nov 22; 4:383. View in: Pubmed

      • Plxnd1 expression in thymocytes regulates their intrathymic migration while that in thymic endothelium impacts medullary topology. Front Immunol. 2013; 4:392. View in: Pubmed

      • Disruption of helix-capping residues 671 and 674 reveals a role in HIV-1 entry for a specialized hinge segment of the membrane proximal external region of gp41. J Mol Biol. 2014 Mar 06; 426(5):1095-108. View in: Pubmed

      • Immunogenicity of membrane-bound HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) segments is dominated by residue accessibility and modulated by stereochemistry. J Biol Chem. 2013 Nov 01; 288(44):31888-901. View in: Pubmed

      • BlockLogo: visualization of peptide and sequence motif conservation. J Immunol Methods. 2013 Dec 31; 400-401:37-44. View in: Pubmed

      • Identification of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from HLA-DOß as a novel target for multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2013 Nov; 163(3):343-51. View in: Pubmed

      • Anti-HIV IgA isotypes: differential virion capture and inhibition of transcytosis are linked to prevention of mucosal R5 SHIV transmission. AIDS. 2013 Jun 01; 27(9):F13-20. View in: Pubmed

      • Pillars article: Separation of functional subsets of human T cells by a monoclonal antibody. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1979. 76: 4061-4065. J Immunol. 2013 Jun 01; 190(11):5346-50. View in: Pubmed

      • Pillars article: Monoclonal antibodies defining distinctive human T cell surface antigens. Science. 1979. 206: 347-349. J Immunol. 2013 Jun 01; 190(11):5351-3. View in: Pubmed

      • Revisiting the putative TCR Ca dimerization model through structural analysis. Front Immunol. 2013; 4:16. View in: Pubmed

      • The structural basis of aß T-lineage immune recognition: TCR docking topologies, mechanotransduction, and co-receptor function. Immunol Rev. 2012 Nov; 250(1):102-19. View in: Pubmed

      • Ultra-high resolution HLA genotyping and allele discovery by highly multiplexed cDNA amplicon pyrosequencing. BMC Genomics. 2012 Aug 06; 13:378. View in: Pubmed

      • Identification and validation of reference genes for expression studies in human keratinocyte cell lines treated with and without interferon-? - a method for qRT-PCR reference gene determination. Exp Dermatol. 2012 Aug; 21(8):625-9. View in: Pubmed

      • Stochastic optical active rheology. Appl Phys Lett. 2012 Jul 16; 101(3):31902. View in: Pubmed

      • Pharmacology: A false sense of non-self. Nature. 2012 Jun 27; 486(7404):479-81. View in: Pubmed

      • TCR Mechanobiology: Torques and Tunable Structures Linked to Early T Cell Signaling. Front Immunol. 2012; 3:76. View in: Pubmed

      • Conservation analysis of dengue virus T-cell epitope-based vaccine candidates using Peptide block entropy. Front Immunol. 2011; 2:69. View in: Pubmed

      • Direct identification of an HPV-16 tumor antigen from cervical cancer biopsy specimens. Front Immunol. 2011; 2:75. View in: Pubmed

      • FLAVIdB: A data mining system for knowledge discovery in flaviviruses with direct applications in immunology and vaccinology. Immunome Res. 2011; 7(3):1-9. View in: Pubmed

      • PB1-F2 Finder: scanning influenza sequences for PB1-F2 encoding RNA segments. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011; 12 Suppl 13:S6. View in: Pubmed

      • A new angle on TCR activation. Immunity. 2011 Nov 23; 35(5):658-60. View in: Pubmed

      • Antibody mechanics on a membrane-bound HIV segment essential for GP41-targeted viral neutralization. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Oct 16; 18(11):1235-43. View in: Pubmed

      • Impaired B cell development and function in the absence of IkappaBNS. J Immunol. 2011 Oct 15; 187(8):3942-52. View in: Pubmed

      • Dana-Farber repository for machine learning in immunology. J Immunol Methods. 2011 Nov 30; 374(1-2):18-25. View in: Pubmed

      • Impaired tumor antigen processing by immunoproteasome-expressing CD40-activated B cells and dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011 Jun; 60(6):857-67. View in: Pubmed

      • A conserved hydrophobic patch on Vß domains revealed by TCRß chain crystal structures: Implications for pre-TCR dimerization. Front Immunol. 2011; 2:5. View in: Pubmed

      • Induction of anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell responses through PLGA-nanoparticle mediated antigen delivery. Biomaterials. 2011 May; 32(14):3666-78. View in: Pubmed

      • Molecular T cell biology?--?basic and translational challenges in the twenty-first century. Front Immunol. 2011; 2:3. View in: Pubmed

      • FLAVIdB: A data mining system for knowledge discovery in flaviviruses with direct applications in immunology and vaccinology. Immunome Res. 2011; 7(3). View in: Pubmed

      • MULTIPRED2: a computational system for large-scale identification of peptides predicted to bind to HLA supertypes and alleles. J Immunol Methods. 2011 Nov 30; 374(1-2):53-61. View in: Pubmed

      • Molecular detection of targeted major histocompatibility complex I-bound peptides using a probabilistic measure and nanospray MS3 on a hybrid quadrupole-linear ion trap. Anal Chem. 2010 Nov 01; 82(21):9090-9. View in: Pubmed

      • Distinctive CD3 heterodimeric ectodomain topologies maximize antigen-triggered activation of alpha beta T cell receptors. J Immunol. 2010 Sep 01; 185(5):2951-9. View in: Pubmed

      • A conserved E7-derived cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope expressed on human papillomavirus 16-transformed HLA-A2+ epithelial cancers. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 17; 285(38):29608-22. View in: Pubmed

      • Significant impact of sequence variations in the nucleoprotein on CD8 T cell-mediated cross-protection against influenza A virus infections. PLoS One. 2010 May 11; 5(5):e10583. View in: Pubmed

      • Graft-versus-leukemia antigen CML66 elicits coordinated B-cell and T-cell immunity after donor lymphocyte infusion. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 May 15; 16(10):2729-39. View in: Pubmed

      • Interactions between lipids and human anti-HIV antibody 4E10 can be reduced without ablating neutralizing activity. J Virol. 2010 Jan; 84(2):1076-88. View in: Pubmed

      • The alphabeta T cell receptor is an anisotropic mechanosensor. J Biol Chem. 2009 Nov 06; 284(45):31028-37. View in: Pubmed

      • Pyrin Modulates the Intracellular Distribution of PSTPIP1. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 07; 4(7):e6147. View in: Pubmed

      • Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies disrupt a hinge-related function of gp41 at the membrane interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jun 02; 106(22):9057-62. View in: Pubmed

      • Immunogenicity of recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara following a single or multi-dose vaccine regimen in rhesus monkeys. Vaccine. 2009 Mar 04; 27(10):1549-56. View in: Pubmed

      • The heterogeneity of human antibody responses to vaccinia virus revealed through use of focused protein arrays. Vaccine. 2009 Feb 18; 27(8):1154-65. View in: Pubmed

      • Evaluation of MHC-II peptide binding prediction servers: applications for vaccine research. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 Dec 12; 9 Suppl 12:S22. View in: Pubmed

      • PlexinD1 glycoprotein controls migration of positively selected thymocytes into the medulla. Immunity. 2008 Dec 19; 29(6):888-98. View in: Pubmed

      • Structural and functional evidence that Nck interaction with CD3epsilon regulates T-cell receptor activity. J Mol Biol. 2008 Jul 18; 380(4):704-16. View in: Pubmed

      • PVS: a web server for protein sequence variability analysis tuned to facilitate conserved epitope discovery. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jul 01; 36(Web Server issue):W35-41. View in: Pubmed

      • Evaluation of MHC class I peptide binding prediction servers: applications for vaccine research. BMC Immunol. 2008 Mar 16; 9:8. View in: Pubmed

      • Immunodominant-peptide recognition: beta testing TCRalphabeta. Immunity. 2008 Feb; 28(2):139-41. View in: Pubmed

      • Polymer-supported lipid shells, onions, and flowers. Soft Matter. 2008; 4(9):1787-1791. View in: Pubmed

      • HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody extracts its epitope from a kinked gp41 ectodomain region on the viral membrane. Immunity. 2008 Jan; 28(1):52-63. View in: Pubmed

      • Functional role for I kappa BNS in T cell cytokine regulation as revealed by targeted gene disruption. J Immunol. 2007 Aug 01; 179(3):1681-92. View in: Pubmed

      • CTL recognition of a protective immunodominant influenza A virus nucleoprotein epitope utilizes a highly restricted Vbeta but diverse Valpha repertoire: functional and structural implications. J Mol Biol. 2007 Sep 14; 372(2):535-48. View in: Pubmed

      • Major neutralizing sites on vaccinia virus glycoprotein B5 are exposed differently on variola virus ortholog B6. J Virol. 2007 Aug; 81(15):8131-9. View in: Pubmed

      • Importance of the CD3gamma ectodomain terminal beta-strand and membrane proximal stalk in thymic development and receptor assembly. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 15; 178(6):3668-79. View in: Pubmed

      • Proteome informatics for cancer research: from molecules to clinic. Proteomics. 2007 Mar; 7(6):976-91. View in: Pubmed

      • Definition of MHC supertypes through clustering of MHC peptide-binding repertoires. Methods Mol Biol. 2007; 409:163-73. View in: Pubmed

      • Prediction of peptide-MHC binding using profiles. Methods Mol Biol. 2007; 409:185-200. View in: Pubmed

      • Immunogenicity of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1-like particles expressing gp41 derivatives in a pre-fusion state. Vaccine. 2007 Jun 28; 25(27):5102-14. View in: Pubmed

      • The TCR C beta FG loop regulates alpha beta T cell development. J Immunol. 2006 Jun 01; 176(11):6812-23. View in: Pubmed

      • Elicitation from virus-naive individuals of cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against conserved HIV-1 epitopes. Med Immunol. 2006 May 18; 5:1. View in: Pubmed

      • CD2BP1 modulates CD2-dependent T cell activation via linkage to protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST. J Immunol. 2006 May 15; 176(10):5898-907. View in: Pubmed

      • Recognition and classification of histones using support vector machine. J Comput Biol. 2006 Jan-Feb; 13(1):102-12. View in: Pubmed

      • Structural and mutational analyses of a CD8alphabeta heterodimer and comparison with the CD8alphaalpha homodimer. Immunity. 2005 Dec; 23(6):661-71. View in: Pubmed

      • CD8 alpha alpha homodimer expression and role in CD8 T cell memory generation during influenza virus A infection in mice. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Nov; 35(11):3103-10. View in: Pubmed

      • Prediction of methylated CpGs in DNA sequences using a support vector machine. FEBS Lett. 2005 Aug 15; 579(20):4302-8. View in: Pubmed

      • PEPVAC: a web server for multi-epitope vaccine development based on the prediction of supertypic MHC ligands. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jul 01; 33(Web Server issue):W138-42. View in: Pubmed

      • Design, expression, and immunogenicity of a soluble HIV trimeric envelope fragment adopting a prefusion gp41 configuration. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 17; 280(24):23138-46. View in: Pubmed

      • Molecular basis for the high affinity interaction between the thymic leukemia antigen and the CD8alphaalpha molecule. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 15; 174(6):3501-7. View in: Pubmed

      • Antiviral chemotherapy facilitates control of poxvirus infections through inhibition of cellular signal transduction. J Clin Invest. 2005 Feb; 115(2):379-87. View in: Pubmed

      • EPIMHC: a curated database of MHC-binding peptides for customized computational vaccinology. Bioinformatics. 2005 May 01; 21(9):2140-1. View in: Pubmed

      • Comparison of HIV Type 1 ADA gp120 monomers versus gp140 trimers as immunogens for the induction of neutralizing antibodies. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005 Jan; 21(1):58-67. View in: Pubmed

      • Crystal structures of murine MHC Class I H-2 D(b) and K(b) molecules in complex with CTL epitopes from influenza A virus: implications for TCR repertoire selection and immunodominance. J Mol Biol. 2005 Feb 04; 345(5):1099-110. View in: Pubmed

      • New approaches to eliciting protective immunity through T cell repertoire manipulation: the concept of thymic vaccination. Med Immunol. 2004 Dec 08; 3(1):2. View in: Pubmed

      • Solution structure of the CD3epsilondelta ectodomain and comparison with CD3epsilongamma as a basis for modeling T cell receptor topology and signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 30; 101(48):16867-72. View in: Pubmed

      • In vivo selection of a TCR Vbeta repertoire directed against an immunodominant influenza virus CTL epitope. Int Immunol. 2004 Nov; 16(11):1549-59. View in: Pubmed

      • Enhancement to the RANKPEP resource for the prediction of peptide binding to MHC molecules using profiles. Immunogenetics. 2004 Sep; 56(6):405-19. View in: Pubmed

      • Peptide variants of viral CTL epitopes mediate positive selection and emigration of Ag-specific thymocytes in vivo. J Immunol. 2004 Jul 15; 173(2):1140-50. View in: Pubmed

      • A chimeric protein of simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp140 and Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase. J Virol. 2004 May; 78(9):4508-16. View in: Pubmed

      • Biochemical and functional analysis of smallpox growth factor (SPGF) and anti-SPGF monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 11; 279(24):25838-48. View in: Pubmed

      • Phage-displayed libraries of peptide/major histocompatibility complexes. Eur J Immunol. 2004 Feb; 34(2):598-607. View in: Pubmed

      • Gene expression analysis of thymocyte selection in vivo. Int Immunol. 2003 Oct; 15(10):1237-48. View in: Pubmed

      • Structural investigations of a GYF domain covalently linked to a proline-rich peptide. J Biomol NMR. 2003 Oct; 27(2):143-9. View in: Pubmed

      • Genome-wide characterization of a viral cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope repertoire. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 14; 278(46):45135-44. View in: Pubmed

      • Sequence variability analysis of human class I and class II MHC molecules: functional and structural correlates of amino acid polymorphisms. J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 15; 331(3):623-41. View in: Pubmed

      • CD2 engagement induces dendritic cell activation: implications for immune surveillance and T-cell activation. Blood. 2003 Sep 01; 102(5):1745-52. View in: Pubmed

      • CD2BP3, CIN85 and the structurally related adaptor protein CMS bind to the same CD2 cytoplasmic segment, but elicit divergent functional activities. Int Immunol. 2003 Mar; 15(3):313-29. View in: Pubmed

      • The crystal structure of a TL/CD8alphaalpha complex at 2.1 A resolution: implications for modulation of T cell activation and memory. Immunity. 2003 Feb; 18(2):205-15. View in: Pubmed

      • Disparate peptide-dependent thymic selection outcomes in beta2M-deficient mice versus TAP-1-deficient mice: implications for repertoire formation. Eur J Immunol. 2003 Feb; 33(2):368-80. View in: Pubmed

      • Sialic acid capping of CD8beta core 1-O-glycans controls thymocyte-major histocompatibility complex class I interaction. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28; 278(9):7240-6. View in: Pubmed

      • Dynamic interaction of CD2 with the GYF and the SH3 domain of compartmentalized effector molecules. EMBO J. 2002 Nov 15; 21(22):5985-95. View in: Pubmed

      • Peptide-independent folding and CD8 alpha alpha binding by the nonclassical class I molecule, thymic leukemia antigen. J Immunol. 2002 Nov 15; 169(10):5708-14. View in: Pubmed

      • Prediction of MHC class I binding peptides using profile motifs. Hum Immunol. 2002 Sep; 63(9):701-9. View in: Pubmed

      • Involvement of the TCR Cbeta FG loop in thymic selection and T cell function. J Exp Med. 2002 Jun 03; 195(11):1419-31. View in: Pubmed

      • CD2 molecules redistribute to the uropod during T cell scanning: implications for cellular activation and immune surveillance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 28; 99(11):7582-7. View in: Pubmed

      • Structural basis of T cell recognition of peptides bound to MHC molecules. Mol Immunol. 2002 May; 38(14):1039-49. View in: Pubmed

      • Peptide-induced negative selection of thymocytes activates transcription of an NF-kappa B inhibitor. Mol Cell. 2002 Mar; 9(3):637-48. View in: Pubmed

      • CD2 facilitates differentiation of CD4 Th cells without affecting Th1/Th2 polarization. J Immunol. 2002 Feb 01; 168(3):1113-22. View in: Pubmed

      • T cell responses modulated through interaction between CD8alphaalpha and the nonclassical MHC class I molecule, TL. Science. 2001 Nov 30; 294(5548):1936-9. View in: Pubmed

      • Developmentally regulated glycosylation of the CD8alphabeta coreceptor stalk modulates ligand binding. Cell. 2001 Nov 16; 107(4):501-12. View in: Pubmed

      • Critical role of NK but not NKT cells in acute rejection of parental bone marrow cells in F1 hybrid mice. Eur J Immunol. 2001 Nov; 31(11):3147-52. View in: Pubmed

      • A naturally processed mitochondrial self-peptide in complex with thymic MHC molecules functions as a selecting ligand for a viral-specific T cell receptor. J Exp Med. 2001 Oct 01; 194(7):883-92. View in: Pubmed

      • Molecular dissection of the CD2-CD58 counter-receptor interface identifies CD2 Tyr86 and CD58 Lys34 residues as the functional "hot spot". J Mol Biol. 2001 Sep 28; 312(4):711-20. View in: Pubmed

      • The stoichiometry of trimeric SIV glycoprotein interaction with CD4 differs from that of anti-envelope antibody Fab fragments. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16; 276(46):42667-76. View in: Pubmed

      • Crystal structure of the human CD4 N-terminal two-domain fragment complexed to a class II MHC molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11; 98(19):10799-804. View in: Pubmed

      • The CD8alphabeta co-receptor on double-positive thymocytes binds with differing affinities to the products of distinct class I MHC loci. Eur J Immunol. 2001 Sep; 31(9):2791-9. View in: Pubmed

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