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Keith L. Ligon, MD, PhD


Pathology

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Keith L. Ligon, MD, PhD

Physician

  • Chief, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
  • Director, Center for Patient Derived Models, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
  • Associate Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School

Clinical Interests

  • Developmental neuropathology
  • General neuropathology
  • Neuropathology of brain tumors

Diseases Treated

  • Brain Metastasis
  • Brain Tumors
  • Glioblastoma
  • Low-Grade Glioma
  • Lymphoma, Primary CNS
  • Meningioma
  • AT/RT, Childhood
  • Brain Tumors, Childhood
  • Choroid Plexus Tumor, Childhood
  • DIPG, Childhood
  • Ependymoma, Childhood
  • Germ Cell Tumors of the Brain, Childhood
  • Glioma, Childhood
  • Medulloblastoma, Childhood

Contact Information

  • Office Phone Number617-632-2357
  • Fax617-632-8761

Bio

Dr. Ligon is a Physician-Scientist with expertise in neuropathology and oncology focused on improving the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. He attended medical school and received his PhD at the University of Texas-Houston Medical School and the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Currently he is an Associate Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School with joint appointments at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Broad Institute, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH). He is the Chief of Neuropathology at BWH/DFCI and the Director of the Center for Patient Derived Models (CPDM) at DFCI. His research and clinical activities have improved the scientific understanding of brain tumors. He is directly involved in the training of medical and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, residents, and faculty. Several of the methods he has developed in his research have been implemented in the clinical pathology lab to improve patient diagnosis. He has also led efforts to train neuropathologists in the utilization of genomic tests in practice and led genomically informed clinical trials development at the local and national consortium levels.

Board Certification:

  • Anatomic Pathology, 2001
  • Neuropathology, 2001

Fellowship:

  • Brigham and Women's Hospital, Neuropathology

Residency:

  • Brigham and Women's Hospital, Anatomic Pathology

Medical School:

  • University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Research

The focus of my work is on the basic and translational investigation of brain tumors. We specifically study developmental transcription factors and their role in brain tumor formation and neural stem cell biology. Translational studies in the lab utilize genomics and pathology tools to study human tumors. Our lab has expertise in adult and pediatric gliomas and specifically our work has focused on use of human patient derived cell line and patient derived xenograft models (PDCL, PDX), mouse genetic models (GEMMs). We also have extensive collaborations around human clinical trials for brain tumors and development of biomarkers to improve outcomes of brain tumor patients.

ALK Amplification and Rearrangements Are Recurrent Targetable Events in Congenital and Adult Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Jul 14; 29(14):2651-2667.
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Machine learning for cryosection pathology predicts the 2021 WHO classification of glioma. Med. 2023 08 11; 4(8):526-540.e4.
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Telomerase inhibition is an effective therapeutic strategy in TERT promoter-mutant glioblastoma models with low tumor volume. Neuro Oncol. 2023 Jul 06; 25(7):1275-1285.
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Insulin feedback is a targetable resistance mechanism of PI3K inhibition in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2023 Jul 03.
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High-plex immunofluorescence imaging and traditional histology of the same tissue section for discovering image-based biomarkers. Nat Cancer. 2023 07; 4(7):1036-1052.
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(R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits KDM5 Histone Lysine Demethylases to Drive Transformation in IDH-Mutant Cancers. Cancer Discov. 2023 06 02; 13(6):1478-1497.
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Dynamic BH3 profiling identifies pro-apoptotic drug combinations for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Nat Commun. 2023 05 20; 14(1):2897.
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Single-cell molecular profiling using ex vivo functional readouts fuels precision oncology in glioblastoma. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023 May 12; 80(6):147.
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Translation of non-canonical open reading frames as a cancer cell survival mechanism in childhood medulloblastoma. bioRxiv. 2023 May 06.
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Reduced Levels of Misfolded and Aggregated Mutant p53 by Proteostatic Activation. Cells. 2023 03 21; 12(6).
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Glioma genetic profiles associated with electrophysiologic hyperexcitability. medRxiv. 2023 Feb 24.
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts are the main contributors to epithelial-to-mesenchymal signatures in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep. 2023 02 21; 13(1):3051.
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on diagnosis, management, and future directions. Neuro Oncol. 2023 01 05; 25(1):4-25.
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Multi-institutional study of the frequency, genomic landscape, and outcome of IDH-mutant glioma in pediatrics. Neuro Oncol. 2023 01 05; 25(1):199-210.
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Integrated response analysis of pediatric low-grade gliomas during and after targeted therapy treatment. Neurooncol Adv. 2023 Jan-Dec; 5(1):vdac182.
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K27M in canonical and noncanonical H3 variants occurs in distinct oligodendroglial cell lineages in brain midline gliomas. Nat Genet. 2022 12; 54(12):1865-1880.
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The landscape of tumor cell states and spatial organization in H3-K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma across age and location. Nat Genet. 2022 12; 54(12):1881-1894.
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BAF Complex Maintains Glioma Stem Cells in Pediatric H3K27M Glioma. Cancer Discov. 2022 12 02; 12(12):2880-2905.
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Improved survival among females and association with lymphopenia in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2022 11 02; 24(11):2005-2007.
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VRK1 as a synthetic lethal target in VRK2 promoter-methylated cancers of the nervous system. JCI Insight. 2022 10 10; 7(19).
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PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in pediatric central nervous system germ cell tumors. Mod Pathol. 2022 12; 35(12):1770-1774.
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FOXR2 Is an Epigenetically Regulated Pan-Cancer Oncogene That Activates ETS Transcriptional Circuits. Cancer Res. 2022 09 02; 82(17):2980-3001.
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De novo pyrimidine synthesis is a targetable vulnerability in IDH mutant glioma. Cancer Cell. 2022 09 12; 40(9):939-956.e16.
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Single cell spatial analysis reveals the topology of immunomodulatory purinergic signaling in glioblastoma. Nat Commun. 2022 08 16; 13(1):4814.
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Generation of patient-derived models from a metastatic pediatric diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor with KIAA1549::BRAF fusion. Acta Neuropathol. 2022 Oct; 144(4):793-797.
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Correction to: Early EEG hyperexcitability is associated with decreased survival in newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioma. J Neurooncol. 2022 Aug; 159(1):219.
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Liquid biopsy detection of genomic alterations in pediatric brain tumors from cell-free DNA in peripheral blood, CSF, and urine. Neuro Oncol. 2022 08 01; 24(8):1352-1363.
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Structural variants shape driver combinations and outcomes in pediatric high-grade glioma. Nat Cancer. 2022 08; 3(8):994-1011.
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Clinical utility of targeted next-generation sequencing assay in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma for therapy decision-making. Neuro Oncol. 2022 07 01; 24(7):1140-1149.
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Early EEG hyperexcitability is associated with decreased survival in newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioma. J Neurooncol. 2022 Aug; 159(1):211-218.
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A molecularly integrated grade for meningioma. Neuro Oncol. 2022 05 04; 24(5):796-808.
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Survival outcomes associated with MGMT promoter methylation and temozolomide in gliosarcoma patients. J Neurooncol. 2022 May; 158(1):111-116.
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Synthetic extracellular matrices and astrocytes provide a supportive microenvironment for the cultivation and investigation of primary pediatric gliomas. Neurooncol Adv. 2022 Jan-Dec; 4(1):vdac049.
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DICER1 mutations in primary central nervous system tumors: new insights into histologies, mutations, and prognosis. J Neurooncol. 2022 May; 157(3):499-510.
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PPM1D mutations are oncogenic drivers of de novo diffuse midline glioma formation. Nat Commun. 2022 02 01; 13(1):604.
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The Alliance AMBUSH Trial: Rationale and Design. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jan 14; 14(2).
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Multimodal platform for assessing drug distribution and response in clinical trials. Neuro Oncol. 2022 01 05; 24(1):64-77.
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Activity of PD-1 blockade with nivolumab among patients with recurrent atypical/anaplastic meningioma: phase II trial results. Neuro Oncol. 2022 01 05; 24(1):101-113.
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Mutational burden and immune recognition of gliomas. Curr Opin Oncol. 2021 11 01; 33(6):626-634.
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Functional drug susceptibility testing using single-cell mass predicts treatment outcome in patient-derived cancer neurosphere models. Cell Rep. 2021 10 05; 37(1):109788.
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Molecular Alterations in Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas That Led to Death. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2021 11 19; 80(11):1052–1059.
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Quantification of aneuploidy in targeted sequencing data using ASCETS. Bioinformatics. 2021 08 25; 37(16):2461-2463.
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Rates and Patterns of Clonal Oncogenic Mutations in the Normal Human Brain. Cancer Discov. 2022 01; 12(1):172-185.
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Prognostication for meningiomas: H3K27me3 to the rescue? Neuro Oncol. 2021 08 02; 23(8):1218-1219.
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Effect of PIK3CA variants on glioma-related epilepsy and response to treatment. Epilepsy Res. 2021 09; 175:106681.
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IDH-mutant gliomas with additional class-defining molecular events. Mod Pathol. 2021 07; 34(7):1236-1244.
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Inhibitory CD161 receptor identified in glioma-infiltrating T cells by single-cell analysis. Cell. 2021 03 04; 184(5):1281-1298.e26.
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Targeting glioblastoma using a novel peptide specific to a deglycosylated isoform of brevican. Adv Ther (Weinh). 2021 Apr; 4(4).
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Socioeconomic Disparities Associated With MGMT Promoter Methylation Testing for Patients With Glioblastoma. JAMA Oncol. 2020 12 01; 6(12):1972-1974.
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Histone H3.3G34-Mutant Interneuron Progenitors Co-opt PDGFRA for Gliomagenesis. Cell. 2020 12 10; 183(6):1617-1633.e22.
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Concurrent Dexamethasone Limits the Clinical Benefit of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2021 01 01; 27(1):276-287.
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Loss of histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27 and nuclear expression of transducin-like enhancer 1 in primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant. Histopathology. 2021 Jan; 78(2):265-275.
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Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas are characterized by mTORC1 hyperactivation, a very low somatic mutation rate, and a unique gene expression profile. Mod Pathol. 2021 02; 34(2):264-279.
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Divergent Roles of PI3K Isoforms in PTEN-Deficient Glioblastomas. Cell Rep. 2020 09 29; 32(13):108196.
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Epigenomic programming in early fetal brain development. Epigenomics. 2020 06; 12(12):1053-1070.
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Molecular and clinicopathologic features of gliomas harboring NTRK fusions. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2020 07 14; 8(1):107.
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Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Cellular Hierarchies and Impaired Developmental Trajectories in Pediatric Ependymoma. Cancer Cell. 2020 07 13; 38(1):44-59.e9.
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Tumor Interferon Signaling Is Regulated by a lncRNA INCR1 Transcribed from the PD-L1 Locus. Mol Cell. 2020 06 18; 78(6):1207-1223.e8.
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Prediction of Outcomes with a Computational Biology Model in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Radiation Therapy and Temozolomide. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 11 01; 108(3):716-724.
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MR Imaging Correlates for Molecular and Mutational Analyses in Children with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 05; 41(5):874-881.
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Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of hypermutation in gliomas. Nature. 2020 04; 580(7804):517-523.
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WNT-Activated Medulloblastomas With Hybrid Molecular Subtypes. JCO Precis Oncol. 2020; 4.
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Correction: BPTF regulates growth of adult and pediatric high-grade glioma through the MYC pathway. Oncogene. 2020 Mar; 39(12):2641.
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Early TP53 alterations engage environmental exposures to promote gastric premalignancy in an integrative mouse model. Nat Genet. 2020 02; 52(2):219-230.
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The medical necessity of advanced molecular testing in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumor patients. Neuro Oncol. 2019 12 17; 21(12):1498-1508.
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A large peptidome dataset improves HLA class I epitope prediction across most of the human population. Nat Biotechnol. 2020 02; 38(2):199-209.
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BPTF regulates growth of adult and pediatric high-grade glioma through the MYC pathway. Oncogene. 2020 03; 39(11):2305-2327.
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Implementing Patient-Derived Xenografts to Assess the Effectiveness of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Dec 12; 11(12).
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Longitudinal molecular trajectories of diffuse glioma in adults. Nature. 2019 12; 576(7785):112-120.
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Increasing value of autopsies in patients with brain tumors in the molecular era. J Neurooncol. 2019 Nov; 145(2):349-355.
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Isomorphic diffuse glioma is a morphologically and molecularly distinct tumour entity with recurrent gene fusions of MYBL1 or MYB and a benign disease course. Acta Neuropathol. 2020 01; 139(1):193-209.
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Pineal apoplexy due to pleomorphic variant pineocytoma. Clin Neuropathol. 2019 Sep/Oct; 38(5):253-255.
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Phase II trial of ponatinib in patients with bevacizumab-refractory glioblastoma. Cancer Med. 2019 10; 8(13):5988-5994.
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Mitogenic and progenitor gene programmes in single pilocytic astrocytoma cells. Nat Commun. 2019 08 19; 10(1):3731.
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Tie2-FGFR1 Interaction Induces Adaptive PI3K Inhibitor Resistance by Upregulating Aurora A/PLK1/CDK1 Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res. 2019 10 01; 79(19):5088-5101.
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Regulatable interleukin-12 gene therapy in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma: Results of a phase 1 trial. Sci Transl Med. 2019 08 14; 11(505).
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Molecular profiling and targeted therapy in pediatric gliomas: review and consensus recommendations. Neuro Oncol. 2019 08 05; 21(8):968-980.
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Resolving medulloblastoma cellular architecture by single-cell genomics. Nature. 2019 08; 572(7767):74-79.
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An Integrative Model of Cellular States, Plasticity, and Genetics for Glioblastoma. Cell. 2019 08 08; 178(4):835-849.e21.
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Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Nat Commun. 2019 06 03; 10(1):2400.
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Clinical Importance of CDKN2A Loss and Monosomy 10 in Pilocytic Astrocytoma. Cureus. 2019 May 23; 11(5):e4726.
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Recurrent EP300-BCOR Fusions in Pediatric Gliomas With Distinct Clinicopathologic Features. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2019 04 01; 78(4):305-314.
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Individualized Screening Trial of Innovative Glioblastoma Therapy (INSIGhT): A Bayesian Adaptive Platform Trial to Develop Precision Medicines for Patients With Glioblastoma. JCO Precis Oncol. 2019; 3.
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CHD4 regulates the DNA damage response and RAD51 expression in glioblastoma. Sci Rep. 2019 03 14; 9(1):4444.
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Renal medullary carcinomas depend upon SMARCB1 loss and are sensitive to proteasome inhibition. Elife. 2019 03 12; 8.
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Buparlisib in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Harboring Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Activation: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Multi-Arm, Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019 03 20; 37(9):741-750.
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The functional synergism of microRNA clustering provides therapeutically relevant epigenetic interference in glioblastoma. Nat Commun. 2019 01 25; 10(1):442.
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Neoantigen vaccine generates intratumoral T cell responses in phase Ib glioblastoma trial. Nature. 2019 01; 565(7738):234-239.
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miR-4516 predicts poor prognosis and functions as a novel oncogene via targeting PTPN14 in human glioblastoma. Oncogene. 2019 04; 38(16):2923-2936.
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Mismatch repair deficiency in high-grade meningioma: a rare but recurrent event associated with dramatic immune activation and clinical response to PD-1 blockade. JCO Precis Oncol. 2018; 2018.
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Linking single-cell measurements of mass, growth rate, and gene expression. Genome Biol. 2018 11 27; 19(1):207.
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Microfluidic active loading of single cells enables analysis of complex clinical specimens. Nat Commun. 2018 11 14; 9(1):4784.
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The secreted glycolytic enzyme GPI/AMF stimulates glioblastoma cell migration and invasion in an autocrine fashion but can have anti-proliferative effects. Neuro Oncol. 2018 11 12; 20(12):1594-1605.
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Prospective feasibility and safety assessment of surgical biopsy for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2018 10 09; 20(11):1547-1555.
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Transaminase Inhibition by 2-Hydroxyglutarate Impairs Glutamate Biosynthesis and Redox Homeostasis in Glioma. Cell. 2018 09 20; 175(1):101-116.e25.
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Correction to: DNA methylation-based reclassification of olfactory neuroblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2018 09; 136(3):505.
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Vemurafenib and cobimetinib overcome resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF-mutant ganglioglioma. Neurology. 2018 09 11; 91(11):523-525.
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A PDGFRa-driven mouse model of glioblastoma reveals a stathmin1-mediated mechanism of sensitivity to vinblastine. Nat Commun. 2018 08 06; 9(1):3116.
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The FDA NIH Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools (BEST) resource in neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol. 2018 08 02; 20(9):1162-1172.
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Validation of postoperative residual contrast-enhancing tumor volume as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2018 08 02; 20(9):1240-1250.
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Improved Risk-Adjusted Survival for Melanoma Brain Metastases in the Era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapies: Results from a National Cohort. Cancer Immunol Res. 2018 09; 6(9):1039-1045.
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Dual HDAC and PI3K Inhibition Abrogates NF?B- and FOXM1-Mediated DNA Damage Response to Radiosensitize Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas. Cancer Res. 2018 07 15; 78(14):4007-4021.
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DNA methylation-based reclassification of olfactory neuroblastoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2018 08; 136(2):255-271.
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Developmental and oncogenic programs in H3K27M gliomas dissected by single-cell RNA-seq. Science. 2018 04 20; 360(6386):331-335.
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Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: results from exploratory phase I cohorts of CheckMate 143. Neuro Oncol. 2018 04 09; 20(5):674-686.
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Phase I/II trial of vorinostat combined with temozolomide and radiation therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: results of Alliance N0874/ABTC 02. Neuro Oncol. 2018 03 27; 20(4):546-556.
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Immunophenotyping of pediatric brain tumors: correlating immune infiltrate with histology, mutational load, and survival and assessing clonal T cell response. J Neurooncol. 2018 Apr; 137(2):269-278.
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Residual Convolutional Neural Network for the Determination of IDH Status in Low- and High-Grade Gliomas from MR Imaging. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 03 01; 24(5):1073-1081.
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A novel GIT2-BRAF fusion in pilocytic astrocytoma. Diagn Pathol. 2017 Nov 15; 12(1):82.
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Prospective Feasibility Trial for Genomics-Informed Treatment in Recurrent and Progressive Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 01 15; 24(2):295-305.
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Salvage re-irradiation for recurrent high-grade glioma and comparison to bevacizumab alone. J Neurooncol. 2017 Dec; 135(3):581-591.
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Nuclear CRX and FOXJ1 Expression Differentiates Non-Germ Cell Pineal Region Tumors and Supports the Ependymal Differentiation of Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017 Oct; 41(10):1410-1421.
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Brainstem angiocentric gliomas with MYB-QKI rearrangements. Acta Neuropathol. 2017 Oct; 134(4):667-669.
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Therapeutic and Prognostic Implications of BRAF V600E in Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Sep 01; 35(25):2934-2941.
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Glioblastoma targeted therapy: updated approaches from recent biological insights. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 01; 28(7):1457-1472.
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Clinical Identification of Oncogenic Drivers and Copy-Number Alterations in Pituitary Tumors. Endocrinology. 2017 07 01; 158(7):2284-2291.
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Leveraging molecular datasets for biomarker-based clinical trial design in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2017 Jul 01; 19(7):908-917.
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Clinical targeted exome-based sequencing in combination with genome-wide copy number profiling: precision medicine analysis of 203 pediatric brain tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2017 Jul 01; 19(7):986-996.
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Post-translational Modifications of OLIG2 Regulate Glioma Invasion through the TGF-ß Pathway. Cell Rep. 2017 06 13; 19(11):2410-2412.
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Pediatric low-grade gliomas: implications of the biologic era. Neuro Oncol. 2017 06 01; 19(6):750-761.
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A brain-penetrant RAF dimer antagonist for the noncanonical BRAF oncoprotein of pediatric low-grade astrocytomas. Neuro Oncol. 2017 06 01; 19(6):774-785.
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Intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors with EWSR1-CREB family gene fusions: myxoid variant of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma or novel entity? Brain Pathol. 2018 03; 28(2):183-191.
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Germline and somatic BAP1 mutations in high-grade rhabdoid meningiomas. Neuro Oncol. 2017 04 01; 19(4):535-545.
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A Sequentially Priming Phosphorylation Cascade Activates the Gliomagenic Transcription Factor Olig2. Cell Rep. 2017 03 28; 18(13):3167-3177.
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Nuclear inclusion bodies of mutant and wild-type p53 in cancer: a hallmark of p53 inactivation and proteostasis remodelling by p53 aggregation. J Pathol. 2017 05; 242(1):24-38.
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G1 cyclins link proliferation, pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2017 03; 19(3):177-188.
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Multi-omics analysis of primary glioblastoma cell lines shows recapitulation of pivotal molecular features of parental tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2017 02 01; 19(2):219-228.
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Drug sensitivity of single cancer cells is predicted by changes in mass accumulation rate. Nat Biotechnol. 2016 Nov; 34(11):1161-1167.
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Tyrosine receptor kinase B is a drug target in astrocytomas. Neuro Oncol. 2017 01; 19(1):22-30.
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Post-translational Modifications of OLIG2 Regulate Glioma Invasion through the TGF-ß Pathway. Cell Rep. 2016 07 26; 16(4):950-966.
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Multimodal MRI features predict isocitrate dehydrogenase genotype in high-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2017 01; 19(1):109-117.
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Glioproliferative Lesion of the Spinal Cord as a Complication of "Stem-Cell Tourism". N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 14; 375(2):196-8.
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Genomic characterization of recurrent high-grade astroblastoma. Cancer Genet. 2016 Jul-Aug; 209(7-8):321-30.
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MAPK activation and HRAS mutation identified in pituitary spindle cell oncocytoma. Oncotarget. 2016 Jun 14; 7(24):37054-37063.
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Combination inhibition of PI3K and mTORC1 yields durable remissions in mice bearing orthotopic patient-derived xenografts of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Nat Med. 2016 07; 22(7):723-6.
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Control of glioblastoma tumorigenesis by feed-forward cytokine signaling. Nat Neurosci. 2016 06; 19(6):798-806.
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Spatial and temporal homogeneity of driver mutations in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Nat Commun. 2016 Apr 06; 7:11185.
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Disseminated glioneuronal tumors occurring in childhood: treatment outcomes and BRAF alterations including V600E mutation. J Neurooncol. 2016 06; 128(2):293-302.
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Decreased FOXJ1 expression and its ciliogenesis programme in aggressive ependymoma and choroid plexus tumours. J Pathol. 2016 Mar; 238(4):584-97.
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MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism. Nat Genet. 2016 Mar; 48(3):273-82.
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Oncogenic PI3K mutations are as common as AKT1 and SMO mutations in meningioma. Neuro Oncol. 2016 05; 18(5):649-55.
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Case Report: Next generation sequencing identifies a NAB2-STAT6 fusion in Glioblastoma. Diagn Pathol. 2016 Jan 27; 11:13.
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Myxopapillary ependymomas in children: imaging, treatment and outcomes. J Neurooncol. 2016 Jan; 126(1):165-174.
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Targetable genetic features of primary testicular and primary central nervous system lymphomas. Blood. 2016 Feb 18; 127(7):869-81.
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A Brain Tumor/Organotypic Slice Co-culture System for Studying Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Drug Therapies. J Vis Exp. 2015 Nov 07; (105):e53304.
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Glioblastoma Eradication Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade in an Orthotopic, Immunocompetent Model. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016 Feb; 4(2):124-35.
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Preclinical Efficacy of the MDM2 Inhibitor RG7112 in MDM2-Amplified and TP53 Wild-type Glioblastomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Mar 01; 22(5):1185-96.
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Orally administered colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397 in recurrent glioblastoma: an Ivy Foundation Early Phase Clinical Trials Consortium phase II study. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Apr; 18(4):557-64.
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Genomic Characterization of Brain Metastases Reveals Branched Evolution and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancer Discov. 2015 Nov; 5(11):1164-1177.
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Somatic mutations associated with MRI-derived volumetric features in glioblastoma. Neuroradiology. 2015 Dec; 57(12):1227-37.
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A prognostic cytogenetic scoring system to guide the adjuvant management of patients with atypical meningioma. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Feb; 18(2):269-74.
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Rapid Intraoperative Molecular Characterization of Glioma. JAMA Oncol. 2015 Aug; 1(5):662-7.
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Integrated Genomic Characterization of a Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation. World Neurosurg. 2016 Jan; 85:96-105.
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One size should not fit all: advancing toward personalized glioblastoma therapy. Discov Med. 2015 Jun; 19(107):471-7.
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Toward precision medicine in glioblastoma: the promise and the challenges. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Aug; 17(8):1051-63.
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A Multicenter, Phase II, Randomized, Noncomparative Clinical Trial of Radiation and Temozolomide with or without Vandetanib in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Aug 15; 21(16):3610-8.
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Calibrating genomic and allelic coverage bias in single-cell sequencing. Nat Commun. 2015 Apr 16; 6:6822.
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SHMT2 drives glioma cell survival in ischaemia but imposes a dependence on glycine clearance. Nature. 2015 Apr 16; 520(7547):363-7.
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Hypofractionated versus standard radiation therapy with or without temozolomide for older glioblastoma patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015 Jun 01; 92(2):384-9.
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Expression profiles of 151 pediatric low-grade gliomas reveal molecular differences associated with location and histological subtype. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Nov; 17(11):1486-96.
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Increased expression of the immune modulatory molecule PD-L1 (CD274) in anaplastic meningioma. Oncotarget. 2015 Mar 10; 6(7):4704-16.
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Clinical implementation of integrated whole-genome copy number and mutation profiling for glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Oct; 17(10):1344-55.
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Intermediate DNA methylation is a conserved signature of genome regulation. Nat Commun. 2015 Feb 18; 6:6363.
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BRAF mutation and CDKN2A deletion define a clinically distinct subgroup of childhood secondary high-grade glioma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Mar 20; 33(9):1015-22.
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Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma occurs by miRNA-9-targeted PTCH1, independent of sonic hedgehog level. Oncotarget. 2015 Jan 20; 6(2):1190-201.
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Phase II study of panobinostat in combination with bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma and anaplastic glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Jun; 17(6):862-7.
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Phase II study of monthly pasireotide LAR (SOM230C) for recurrent or progressive meningioma. Neurology. 2015 Jan 20; 84(3):280-6.
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A phase II trial of everolimus, temozolomide, and radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: NCCTG N057K. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Sep; 17(9):1261-9.
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A five-gene hedgehog signature developed as a patient preselection tool for hedgehog inhibitor therapy in medulloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Feb 01; 21(3):585-93.
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Angiomatous meningiomas have a distinct genetic profile with multiple chromosomal polysomies including polysomy of chromosome 5. Oncotarget. 2014 Nov 15; 5(21):10596-606.
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Interrogation of gossypol therapy in glioblastoma implementing cell line and patient-derived tumour models. Br J Cancer. 2014 Dec 09; 111(12):2275-86.
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Preclinical antitumor efficacy of selective exportin 1 inhibitors in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2015 May; 17(5):697-707.
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Phase II trial of triple tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor nintedanib in recurrent high-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol. 2015 Jan; 121(2):297-302.
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Molecular pathologic diagnosis of epidermal growth factor receptor. Neuro Oncol. 2014 Oct; 16 Suppl 8:viii1-6.
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Clinical multiplexed exome sequencing distinguishes adult oligodendroglial neoplasms from astrocytic and mixed lineage gliomas. Oncotarget. 2014 Sep 30; 5(18):8083-92.
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Specific detection of methionine 27 mutation in histone 3 variants (H3K27M) in fixed tissue from high-grade astrocytomas. Acta Neuropathol. 2014 Nov; 128(5):733-41.
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Prominin-1 (CD133) defines both stem and non-stem cell populations in CNS development and gliomas. PLoS One. 2014; 9(9):e106694.
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Brain Malignancy Steering Committee clinical trials planning workshop: report from the Targeted Therapies Working Group. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Feb; 17(2):180-8.
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Phase II trial of sunitinib for recurrent and progressive atypical and anaplastic meningioma. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Jan; 17(1):116-21.
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Recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic variables in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2014 Nov; 16(11):1541-6.
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Immune checkpoint blockade for glioblastoma: preclinical activity of single agent and combinatorial therapy. Neuro Oncol. 2014 Jul; 16 Suppl 3:iii11-iii12.
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Phase ii trial of the phosphatidyinositol-3 kinase (pi3k) inhibitor buparlisib (bkm120) in recurrent glioblastoma conducted by the ivy foundation early phase clinical trials consortium. Neuro Oncol. 2014 Jul; 16 Suppl 3:iii47.
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Intraoperative mass spectrometry mapping of an onco-metabolite to guide brain tumor surgery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 29; 111(30):11121-6.
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EGFR variant heterogeneity in glioblastoma resolved through single-nucleus sequencing. Cancer Discov. 2014 Aug; 4(8):956-71.
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Recurrent somatic mutations in ACVR1 in pediatric midline high-grade astrocytoma. Nat Genet. 2014 May; 46(5):462-6.
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Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells occurs partly through epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated induction of connexin 43. Cell Death Dis. 2014 Mar 27; 5:e1145.
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D-2-hydroxyglutarate produced by mutant IDH2 causes cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration in mice. Genes Dev. 2014 Mar 01; 28(5):479-90.
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Pediatric low-grade gliomas: how modern biology reshapes the clinical field. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Apr; 1845(2):294-307.
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Phase I/II study of erlotinib and temsirolimus for patients with recurrent malignant gliomas: North American Brain Tumor Consortium trial 04-02. Neuro Oncol. 2014 Apr; 16(4):567-78.
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ZFHX4 interacts with the NuRD core member CHD4 and regulates the glioblastoma tumor-initiating cell state. Cell Rep. 2014 Jan 30; 6(2):313-24.
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Exome sequencing identifies BRAF mutations in papillary craniopharyngiomas. Nat Genet. 2014 Feb; 46(2):161-5.
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Pten loss in Olig2 expressing neural progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes leads to interneuron dysplasia and leukodystrophy. Stem Cells. 2014 Jan; 32(1):313-26.
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Delivery of Functional Anti-miR-9 by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes to Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Conferred Chemosensitivity. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2013 Oct 01; 2:e126.
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Coordinate activation of Shh and PI3K signaling in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma: new therapeutic opportunities. Nat Med. 2013 Nov; 19(11):1518-23.
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Rapid, label-free detection of brain tumors with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Sep 04; 5(201):201ra119.
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Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. Nat Genet. 2013 Aug; 45(8):927-32.
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Estimating absolute methylation levels at single-CpG resolution from methylation enrichment and restriction enzyme sequencing methods. Genome Res. 2013 Sep; 23(9):1541-53.
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Functional DNA methylation differences between tissues, cell types, and across individuals discovered using the M&M algorithm. Genome Res. 2013 Sep; 23(9):1522-40.
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DNA hypomethylation within specific transposable element families associates with tissue-specific enhancer landscape. Nat Genet. 2013 Jul; 45(7):836-41.
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Enhancing radiation therapy for patients with glioblastoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2013 May; 13(5):569-81.
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Genomic analysis of diffuse pediatric low-grade gliomas identifies recurrent oncogenic truncating rearrangements in the transcription factor MYBL1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 May 14; 110(20):8188-93.
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Phase 2 study of dose-intense temozolomide in recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2013 Jul; 15(7):930-5.
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PDGFRA amplification is common in pediatric and adult high-grade astrocytomas and identifies a poor prognostic group in IDH1 mutant glioblastoma. Brain Pathol. 2013 Sep; 23(5):565-73.
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Genomic sequencing of meningiomas identifies oncogenic SMO and AKT1 mutations. Nat Genet. 2013 Mar; 45(3):285-9.
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Ambient mass spectrometry for the intraoperative molecular diagnosis of human brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 29; 110(5):1611-6.
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Somatic mutations of PIK3R1 promote gliomagenesis. PLoS One. 2012; 7(11):e49466.
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Integrative functional genomics identifies RINT1 as a novel GBM oncogene. Neuro Oncol. 2012 Nov; 14(11):1325-31.
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Absence of oncogenic canonical pathway mutations in aggressive pediatric rhabdoid tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Dec 15; 59(7):1155-7.
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Brain and testicular tumors in mice with progenitor cells lacking BAX and BAK. Oncogene. 2013 Aug 29; 32(35):4078-85.
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BRAF duplications and MAPK pathway activation are frequent in gliomas of the optic nerve proper. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2012 Sep; 71(9):789-94.
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Prospective, high-throughput molecular profiling of human gliomas. J Neurooncol. 2012 Oct; 110(1):89-98.
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Zebrafish neurofibromatosis type 1 genes have redundant functions in tumorigenesis and embryonic development. Dis Model Mech. 2012 Nov; 5(6):881-94.
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DNA fragmentation simulation method (FSM) and fragment size matching improve aCGH performance of FFPE tissues. PLoS One. 2012; 7(6):e38881.
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Initial treatment patterns over time for anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2012 Jun; 14(6):761-7.
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Current clinical development of PI3K pathway inhibitors in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2012 Jul; 14(7):819-29.
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Emerging insights into the molecular and cellular basis of glioblastoma. Genes Dev. 2012 Apr 15; 26(8):756-84.
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Somatic activation of AKT3 causes hemispheric developmental brain malformations. Neuron. 2012 Apr 12; 74(1):41-8.
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Transformation by the (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate linked to EGLN activation. Nature. 2012 Feb 15; 483(7390):484-8.
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Neoplastic cells are a rare component in human glioblastoma microvasculature. Oncotarget. 2012 Jan; 3(1):98-106.
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Classifying human brain tumors by lipid imaging with mass spectrometry. Cancer Res. 2012 Feb 01; 72(3):645-54.
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Detection of KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pediatric low-grade gliomas. J Mol Diagn. 2011 Nov; 13(6):669-77.
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Maintenance of tumor initiating cells of defined genetic composition by nucleostemin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 20; 108(51):20388-93.
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International retrospective study of over 1000 adults with anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Jun; 13(6):649-59.
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Human glioma growth is controlled by microRNA-10b. Cancer Res. 2011 May 15; 71(10):3563-72.
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BRAF V600E mutations are common in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 29; 6(3):e17948.
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The central nervous system-restricted transcription factor Olig2 opposes p53 responses to genotoxic damage in neural progenitors and malignant glioma. Cancer Cell. 2011 Mar 08; 19(3):359-71.
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Glioma models: new GEMMs add "class" with genomic and expression correlations. Cancer Cell. 2011 Mar 08; 19(3):295-7.
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Development of stereotactic mass spectrometry for brain tumor surgery. Neurosurgery. 2011 Feb; 68(2):280-89; discussion 290.
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Integrative genomic analysis of medulloblastoma identifies a molecular subgroup that drives poor clinical outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 10; 29(11):1424-30.
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Discrimination of human astrocytoma subtypes by lipid analysis using desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Aug 09; 49(34):5953-6.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung. Am J Transl Res. 2010 May 16; 2(3):309-15.
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Phase I study of vandetanib with radiotherapy and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 01; 78(1):85-90.
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Mutant EGFR is required for maintenance of glioma growth in vivo, and its ablation leads to escape from receptor dependence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 09; 107(6):2616-21.
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Phase II study of imatinib mesylate for recurrent meningiomas (North American Brain Tumor Consortium study 01-08). Neuro Oncol. 2009 Dec; 11(6):853-60.
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CRX is a diagnostic marker of retinal and pineal lineage tumors. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 20; 4(11):e7932.
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Profiling critical cancer gene mutations in clinical tumor samples. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 18; 4(11):e7887.
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FoxOs cooperatively regulate diverse pathways governing neural stem cell homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell. 2009 Nov 06; 5(5):540-53.
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Polysomy for chromosomes 1 and 19 predicts earlier recurrence in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas with concurrent 1p/19q loss. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Oct 15; 15(20):6430-7.
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Myelin gene regulatory factor is a critical transcriptional regulator required for CNS myelination. Cell. 2009 Jul 10; 138(1):172-85.
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Array-based genomics in glioma research. Brain Pathol. 2010 Jan; 20(1):28-38.
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Pten and p53 converge on c-Myc to control differentiation, self-renewal, and transformation of normal and neoplastic stem cells in glioblastoma. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2008; 73:427-37.
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A novel TP53 germline mutation in a family with a history of multiple malignancies: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2008; 44(6):501-8.
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Meningioangiomatosis associated with meningioma: a case report. Acta Cytol. 2009 Jan-Feb; 53(1):93-7.
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Phase II study of protracted daily temozolomide for low-grade gliomas in adults. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 01; 15(1):330-7.
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p53 and Pten control neural and glioma stem/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation. Nature. 2008 Oct 23; 455(7216):1129-33.
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Acquisition of granule neuron precursor identity is a critical determinant of progenitor cell competence to form Shh-induced medulloblastoma. Cancer Cell. 2008 Aug 12; 14(2):123-34.
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Phase II study of temozolomide, thalidomide, and celecoxib for newly diagnosed glioblastoma in adults. Neuro Oncol. 2008 Jun; 10(3):300-8.
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Feedback circuit among INK4 tumor suppressors constrains human glioblastoma development. Cancer Cell. 2008 Apr; 13(4):355-64.
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Myelin abnormalities without oligodendrocyte loss in periventricular leukomalacia. Brain Pathol. 2008 Apr; 18(2):153-63.
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Malignant astrocytic glioma: genetics, biology, and paths to treatment. Genes Dev. 2007 Nov 01; 21(21):2683-710.
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Impaired human hippocampal neurogenesis after treatment for central nervous system malignancies. Ann Neurol. 2007 Nov; 62(5):515-20.
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Coactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases affects the response of tumor cells to targeted therapies. Science. 2007 Oct 12; 318(5848):287-90.
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Embryonic stem cell transcription factor signatures in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 Jun; 31(6):836-45.
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Expression of p16Ink4a compensates for p18Ink4c loss in cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6-dependent tumors and tissues. Cancer Res. 2007 May 15; 67(10):4732-41.
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Olig2-regulated lineage-restricted pathway controls replication competence in neural stem cells and malignant glioma. Neuron. 2007 Feb 15; 53(4):503-17.
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Disruption of diacylglycerol kinase delta (DGKD) associated with seizures in humans and mice. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Apr; 80(4):792-9.
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Semiautomated multiplexed quantum dot-based in situ hybridization and spectral deconvolution. J Mol Diagn. 2007 Feb; 9(1):20-9.
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Comparative analysis of germ cell transcription factors in CNS germinoma reveals diagnostic utility of NANOG. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006 Dec; 30(12):1613-8.
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Marked genomic differences characterize primary and secondary glioblastoma subtypes and identify two distinct molecular and clinical secondary glioblastoma entities. Cancer Res. 2006 Dec 01; 66(23):11502-13.
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A novel somatic mouse model to survey tumorigenic potential applied to the Hedgehog pathway. Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15; 66(20):10171-8.
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